![]() ![]() ![]() The manual cues are handshapes that represent different sounds, not concepts (like sign language). CS is a combination of lip reading as well as manual cues. However, research has shown that the use of a technique known as cued speech (CS) is effective for understanding language (Aparicio et al., 2017). ![]() If you are not hard of hearing, I am sure you can think of a moment when you have been in a crowded or loud place, and unable to understand what someone near you was saying despite trying to read their lips. Some of these factors are accent, lighting, body position, movement, facial hair, and homophones (words that have the same pronunciation but different meanings, like ‘break’ and ‘brake’). Only 30% of spoken English can be accurately lip read due to factors that can hinder the interpretation of the words that are spoken (National Deaf Children’s Society). While lip reading can aid in understanding language, it is not effective when used on its own. The variation amongst accuracy of lip reading in people who are hard of hearing can be attributed to practice and knowledge of the language. Lip reading is a technique that is often used by people who are hard of hearing to understand speech and language by watching lip patterns and the movement of the speaker’s tongue (National Deaf Children’s Society).
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